Glyco HA Information
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Hyaluronic acid is a carbohydrate. — what is it? More specifically, it is a polysaccharide. Polysacccharides are long polymers of sugars that can be used for storing sugar, such as starch and glycogen or as structural support for cells and tissues, such as cellulose in plants and chitin in animal cells. Hyaluronic acid is in a subset of the polysaccharides called glucominoglycans or GAG. As Hyaluronic acid is present in every tissue of the body, hyaluronic acid’s importance cannot be underestimated. Retention of water is one of the most important biological functions of hyaluronic acid, second only to providing nutrients and removing waste from cells that do not have a direct blood supply.
CARTILAGE
Hyaluronic acid is a key component of cartilage. Cartilage is
a specialized form of connective tissue. It lends strength and
flexibility to the body.
SYNOVIAL JOINT FLUID
Our joints, like the elbows and knees, are surrounded by
a membrane called the synovial membrane, which forms a
capsule around the end of the bones. This membrane secretes
a liquid called synovial fl uid, which is rich in hyaluronic acid..
Synovial fl uid has many functions, as a lubricant, a shock
absorber and a nutrient carrier. The fl uid protects the joints
and bones. Cartilage is immersed in the synovial fl uid and is a
fi brous connective tissue. Cartilage contains no blood vessels
and synovial fl uid is the only way in which nutrients can be
carried into the cartilage and waste can be removed.
EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX
Hyaluronic acid is found in extracellular matrix (ECM). The
ECM is composed of fi brous elements produced by the cells
and excreted to the extracellular space with the tissues.
All nutrients and metabolic waste are transported through
the ECM. Hyaluronic acid is a major constituent of the ECM
and serves as an essential structural element of the ECM.
Hyaluronic acid locks moisture into the ECM and also, HA
supports the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix.
THE SKIN
In the skin, the extracellular matrix is composed of hyaluronic
acid and other sulfated GAGs, combined with collagen and
elastin. Large amounts of water are held in the ECM of skin.
When elastin is not bathed in water, it becomes dry and
brittle, thus the look of dry and brittle, wrinkled skin.
There are many factors known to infl uence hyaluronic
acid levels. Genes are likely to be a factor, but there are many
environmental factors that are known to have an impact,
including zinc and magnesium availability. Not surprisingly,
magnesium and zinc defi ciencies are known to be associated
with many of the same symptoms associated with hyaluronic
acid abnormalities, such as poor wound healing.
Hyaluronic acid (HA) was fi rst used commercially in
1942 when Andre Balazs applied for a patent to use it as a
substitute for egg white in bakery products. He went on to
become the leading expert on HA during the next 50 years.
Hyaluronic acid plays an important role in tissue hydration, lubrication and cellular function and is able to hold
more water than any other natural substance. In the last two
decades, the therapeutic and esthetic uses of hyaluronic acid
have been extended to a number of areas, including wound
healing, treatment of joint pain, use in fertility clinic and
tissue augmentation. In the past few years, biotechnology
has been used to develop hyaluronic acid derivatives with
tailor-made molecular sizes, which will further increase the
potential application of this remarkable molecule.
Hyaluronic acid is being used commercially or
experimentally to correct a large portion of the problems found
in connective tissue disorders, such as fractures, eye disorders,
poor wound healing and prematurely wrinkled skin.
HA PRODUCTION
HA has been traditionally extracted from rooster combs.
It is diffi cult, however, to isolate high molecular weight HA
economically from this source. It is presently impractical
to control the molecular weight of the biopolymer while it
is synthesized in animal tissue. Subsequent extraction and
purifi cation processes result in an inherent molecular weight
reduction.
Industry has turned instead to bacterial formation
fermentation process with the hope of obtaining commercially
viable biopolymer. The amount of HA that can be produced by
this route is theoretically unlimited. The recent trend has been
to use Lancefi eld’s group A and C streptococci which naturally
produce a mucoid capsule of HA.
Streptococci are facultative anaerobes which produce
lactic acid as a by-product of glucose catabolism. |
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Glyco HA Gel, Revitalizing
Skin Formula is an aqueous, moderately
viscous Gel, which contains a special
and proprietary fraction of Hyaluronate
Sodium as its principal ingredient.
Using novel and proprietary technology, GlycoBioSciences
researchers have created Glyco HA Gel Revitalizing Skin
Formula for the following indications:
- Glyco Anti-Aging Gel restores the mechanical strength of
the facial and neck skin (Firming) for individuals in their
30’s and beyond who are exhibiting signs of skin aging.
- Glyco Anti-Aging Gel reduces signs of aging which
may include, but not be limited to, fine lines, discoloration
or an aged wrinkled appearance.
- Glyco Anti-Aging Gel provides a refreshing, revitalizing
and healthy feeling for the skin without undesirable
stickiness, flaking or irritation.
- Deep moisturizing in dry skin tone and texture following
exposure to sun or other harsh environmental
conditions resulting from every day activities.
- Restoration of normal skin tone and texture following
exposure to sun or other harsh environmental conditions
resulting from every day activities.
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